What Is the Atomic Number of Copper
Copper History
The element Copper was discovered by Middle East in year 8000 BC in unknown place . Copper derived its name from English word (Latin cuprum)
Copper Presence: Abundance in Nature and Around Us
The table below shows the abundance of Copper in Universe, Sun, Meteorites, Earth's Crust, Oceans and Human Body.
Ppb by weight (1ppb =10^-7 %) | |
---|---|
Abundance in Universe | 6×10-6% |
Abundance in Sun | 7e-07 |
Abundance in Meteorites | 0.00011 |
Abundance in Earth's Crust | 6.8e-05 |
Abundance in Oceans | 3×10-7% |
Abundance in Humans | 1e-06 |
Crystal Structure of Copper
The solid state structure of Copper is Face Centered Cubic.
The Crystal structure can be described in terms of its unit Cell. The unit Cells repeats itself in three dimensional space to form the structure.
Unit Cell Parameters
The unit cell is represented in terms of its lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges Lattice Constants (a, b and c)
a | b | c |
---|---|---|
361.49 | 361.49 | 361.49 pm |
and the angles between them Lattice Angles (alpha, beta and gamma).
alpha | beta | gamma |
---|---|---|
π/2 | π/2 | π/2 |
The positions of the atoms inside the unit cell are described by the set of atomic positions ( xi, yi, zi) measured from a reference lattice point.
The symmetry properties of the crystal are described by the concept of space groups. All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space are described by the 230 space groups (219 distinct types, or 230 if chiral copies are considered distinct.
Copper Atomic and Orbital Properties
Copper atoms have 29 electrons and the electronic shell structure is [2, 8, 18, 1] with Atomic Term Symbol (Quantum Numbers) 2S1/2.
Shell Structure of Copper - Electrons per energy level
n | s | p | d | f | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | K | 2 | |||
2 | L | 2 | 6 | ||
3 | M | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
4 | N | 1 |
Ground State Electronic Configuration of Copper - neutral Copper atom
The ground state electronic configuration of Neutral Copper atom is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. The portion of Copper configuration that is equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding period, is abbreviated as [Ar]. For atoms with many electrons, this notation can become lengthy and so an abbreviated notation is used.This is important as it is the Valence electrons 3d10 4s1, electrons in the outermost shell that determine the chemical properties of the element.
Unabbreviated electronic configuration of neutral Copper
Complete ground state electronic configuration for the Copper atom, Unabbreviated electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
Atomic Structure of Copper
Copper atomic radius is 145 pm, while it's covalent radius is 138 pm.
Atomic Spectrum of Copper
Copper Chemical Properties: Copper Ionization Energies and electron affinity
The electron affinity of Copper is 118.4 kJ/mol
Ionization Energy of Copper
Refer to table below for Ionization energies of Copper
Ionization energy number | Enthalpy - kJ/mol |
---|---|
1 | 745.5 |
2 | 1957.9 |
3 | 3555 |
4 | 5536 |
5 | 7.7×103 |
6 | 9.9×103 |
7 | 1.34×104 |
8 | 1.6×104 |
9 | 1.92×104 |
10 | 2.24×104 |
11 | 2.56×104 |
12 | 3.56×104 |
13 | 3.87×104 |
14 | 4.2×104 |
15 | 4.67×104 |
16 | 5.02×104 |
17 | 5.37×104 |
18 | 6.11×104 |
19 | 64702 |
20 | 1.637×105 |
21 | 1.741×105 |
Copper Physical Properties
Refer to below table for Copper Physical Properties
Density | 8.92 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 7.12399103139 cm3 |
Elastic Properties
Hardness of Copper - Tests to Measure of Hardness of Element
Copper Electrical Properties
Copper is Conductor of electricity. Refer to table below for the Electrical properties of Copper
Copper Heat and Conduction Properties
Copper Magnetic Properties
Optical Properties of Copper
Acoustic Properties of Copper
Copper Thermal Properties - Enthalpies and thermodynamics
Refer to table below for Thermal properties of Copper
Enthalpies of Copper
Copper Isotopes - Nuclear Properties of Copper
Isotopes of rhodium. Naturally occurring Copper has 2 stable isotope - 63Cu, 65Cu.
Isotope | Isotope Mass | % Abundance | T half | Decay Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|
52Cu | ||||
53Cu | ||||
54Cu | ||||
55Cu | ||||
56Cu | ||||
57Cu | ||||
58Cu | ||||
59Cu | ||||
60Cu | ||||
61Cu | ||||
62Cu | ||||
63Cu | 69.17% | Stable | N/A | |
64Cu | ||||
65Cu | 30.83% | Stable | N/A | |
66Cu | ||||
67Cu | ||||
68Cu | ||||
69Cu | ||||
70Cu | ||||
71Cu | ||||
72Cu | ||||
73Cu | ||||
74Cu | ||||
75Cu | ||||
76Cu | ||||
77Cu | ||||
78Cu | ||||
79Cu | ||||
80Cu |
Regulatory and Health - Health and Safety Parameters and Guidelines
CAS Number | CAS7440-50-8 |
RTECS Number | RTECSGL5325000 |
DOT Hazard Class | 4.1 |
DOT Numbers | 3089 |
EU Number | N/A |
NFPA Fire Rating | 1 |
NFPA Hazards | N/A |
NFPA Health Rating | 1 |
NFPA Reactivity Rating | 0 |
Database Search
List of unique identifiers to search the element in various chemical registry databases
Database | Identifier number |
---|---|
CAS Number - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) | CAS7440-50-8 |
CID Number | CID23978 |
Gmelin Number | N/A |
NSC Number | N/A |
RTECS Number | RTECSGL5325000 |
What Is the Atomic Number of Copper
Source: https://www.schoolmykids.com/learn/interactive-periodic-table/cu-copper
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